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A Student's Introduction to English Grammar
This groundbreaking undergraduate textbook on modem Standard
English grammar is the irst to be based on the revolutionary advances of
the authors' previous work,
The Cambridge Gammar of the English
Language (2002),
winner of the
2004
Leonard Bloomield Book Award of
the Linguistic Society of America. The analyses defended there are out­
lined here more briely, in an engagingly accessible and informal style.
Erors of the older tradition of English grammar are noted and corected,
and the excesses of prescriptive usage manuals are irmly rebutted in spe­
cially highlighted notes that explain what older authorities have called
'incorect' and show why those authorities are mistaken.
This book is intended for students in colleges or universities who have
little or no previous background in grammar, and presupposes no linguis­
tics. It contains exercises and a wealth of other features, and will provide
a basis for introductions to grammar and courses on the structure of
English not only in linguistics departments but also in English language
and literature departments and schools of education. Students will achieve
an accurate understanding of grammar that will both enhance their lan­
guage skills and provide a solid grounding for further linguistic study.
A
Student's Introduction to
English Grammar
RODNEY HUDDLESTON
Ullil'ersity of Queensland
GEOFFREY
K.
PULLUM
Ulliversity ()f Caliji)mia, Santa Cru�
"CAMBRIDGE
:> UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melboune, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780S21612883
©
Rodney Huddleston and Geofrey K. Pullum 2005
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written pemission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2005
Reprinted with corections 206
Third printing 207
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A
catalogue recordfor this publication is availablefrom the British Libay
ISBN-13 978-0-521-84837-4 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-61288-3 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of ULs for extenal or third-party intenet websites refered to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
Contents
Notational conventions
page vi
Preface
vii
Introduction
2
A rapid overview
11
3
Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood
29
4
Clause structure, complements, and adjuncts
63
5
Nouns and noun phrases
82
6
Adjectives and adverbs
112
7
Prepositions and preposition phrases
127
8
Negation and related phenomena
149
9
Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing
159
10
Subordination and content clauses
174
11
Relative clauses
183
12
Grade and comparison
195
13
Non-inite clauses and clauses without verbs
24
1
4
Coordination and more
225
15
Information packaging in the clause
238
16
Morphology: words and lexemes
264
Further reading
291
Glossay
295
Index
309
v
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