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american
literature
A HISTORY OF
To
Sheona
american
literature
RICHARD
GRAY
A HISTORY OF
Copyright © 2004 by Richard Gray
350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA
108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK
550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
The right of Richard Gray to be identified as the Author of this Work has been
asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the
UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission
of the publisher.
First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gray, Richard J.
A history of American literature / Richard Gray.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-631-22134-4 (alk. paper) – ISBN 0-631-22135-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. American literature–History and criticism. 2. United States–Literatures–
History and criticism. I. Title.
PS88.G73 2003
810.9– dc21
2003004958
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
Set in 10.5/13pt Minion
by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Printed and bound in the United Kingdom
by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
For further information on
Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com
contents
Preface and Acknowledgements
ix
1 The First Americans: American Literature Before and
During the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods
1
Imagining Eden
1
Native American Oral Traditions
4
Spanish and French Encounters with America
18
Anglo-American Encounters
25
Writing of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods
32
Puritan narratives
32
Challenges to the Puritan oligarchy
36
Some Colonial poetry
41
Enemies within and without
49
Trends towards the secular and resistance
55
Towards the Revolution
68
Alternative voices of Revolution
79
Writing Revolution: Poetry, drama, fiction
86
2 Inventing Americas: The Making of American
Literature, 1800–1865
100
Making a Nation
100
The Making of American Myths
105
Myths of an emerging nation
105
The making of Western myth
107
The making of Southern myth
118
Legends of the Old Southwest
124
The Making of American Selves
130
The Transcendentalists
130
Contents
v
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